SPOT PRINCIPLE
The discount buys a wide defense; the EP range means most of it is played for pot control.
The reference tier. 3-bets are linear and value-heavy, live-style; calls are pairs, strong suited hands, and the best broadways.
You close the action with a discount – but out of position against the strongest range at the table. Defend real hands, not stubbornness.
Assumes a ~4bb open; 3-bet to ~3x the open in position, ~4x from the blinds – larger as stacks deepen.
Baseline assumptions: 9-handed · no ante · no straddle · 4bb opens · low-rake live structure · cold-calling allowed. Charts reduce low-frequency mixes to a single default action; adjust live for opponents and rake. Baseline v1 · updated 2026-08.